Replacing the Virgin Materials in Concrete with Waste Materials (Rubble, Plastics, Sludge, etc.)

Construction wastes have become the largest source of different solid wastes in Egypt as construction and demolition processes generate millions of tons of construction and demolishing wastes every year. The increasing generation of construction and demolishing wastes have caused huge impacts on the environment and agitated growing public concern in the local community. Therefore, the minimization of construction and demolishing wastes has turned into an imperative factor. It is obvious that the use of various building materials in different types of construction projects has a different effect on the volume of waste generation.

Objective/Contributions:

To save the virgin materials that are used in the concrete industry. For example, partially replacing sand with plastics, also replacing the coarse aggregate with rubble and also replacing some cement with sludge.